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> Impurities in CO2 – sources and specifications
Impurities in CO2 – sources and specifications
There are a range of possible impurities which could be present within unprocessed carbon dioxide. The nature and quantity of each of these types of impurity will be dependent upon the source of the carbon dioxide gas stream. A source dependent listing of these possible impurities is provided in the following table and an interactive system will assist the reader in selecting the type of PURASPECJM absorbent which could aid the removal of a variety of these impurities. The current food processing and beverage grade specifications are also listed for those compounds where specific specifications have been developed. (A number of broad specifications apply for materials such as “oxygenated compounds” and “non-volatile organic residues”). All specifications refer to carbon dioxide in its liquid phase.
|
Impurity |
Natural
sources |
Fermentation |
Chemical
processing |
Food processing
specification |
Beverage grade
specification |
|
acetaldehyde |
? |
? |
? |
<0.5ppm v/v |
<0.2ppm v/v |
|
ammonia |
|
|
? |
<20 ppm v/v |
<2.5 ppm v/v |
|
|
? |
? |
? |
<0.05 ppm v/v |
<0.02 ppm v/v |
|
carbon monoxide |
? |
? |
? |
<10 ppm v/v |
<10 ppm v/v |
|
|
? |
? |
? (1) |
<0.5 ppm v/v (4) |
<0.1 ppm v/v (5) |
|
|
? |
|
? |
|
|
|
|
? |
? |
? (1) |
(4) |
(5) |
|
|
? |
? |
? |
<10 ppm v/v |
<10 ppm v/v |
|
|
? |
? |
? |
|
|
|
|
? |
? |
? |
|
|
|
|
? |
|
? |
|
|
|
ethylene oxide |
|
|
? |
No spec |
<0.5 ppm v/v |
|
|
|
|
? (2) |
No spec |
<0.5 ppm v/v |
|
|
? |
? |
? (1) |
<0.5 ppm v/v (4) |
<0.1 ppm v/v (5) |
|
|
? |
? |
? |
|
|
|
|
? |
? |
? |
(4) |
(5) |
|
|
? |
|
? |
|
|
|
|
|
? |
? |
|
|
|
nitrogen |
? |
? |
? |
No spec |
<120 ppm v/v |
|
nitrogen oxides |
|
|
? |
<5 ppm v/v |
<2.5 ppm v/v |
|
oxygen |
? |
? |
? |
<30ppm v/v |
<30 ppm v/v |
|
phosphine |
|
|
? (3) |
No spec |
<0.3 ppm v/v |
|
radon |
|
|
? (3) |
|
|
|
|
? |
? |
? (1) |
<5 ppm v/v |
<1 ppm v/v |
|
|
? |
? |
? |
|
|
|
|
? |
|
? |
No spec |
<0.5 ppm v/v |
|
|
? |
? |
? |
|
|
|
|
? |
|
? |
|
|
(1) Unlikely to be present in carbon dioxide which is sourced from a correctly operated ammonia or methanol plant
(2) Only when sourced from direct gasification of coals
(3) Only when sourced from phosphate rock
(4) Total sulphur must be <0.5 ppm v/v
(5) Total sulphur must be <0.1 ppm v/v
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